31-05-2017 (Important News Clippings)
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India’s ban mania:
Cattle market prohibition illustrates how we suffer from too many restrictions
It is commonplace to say that India suffers from poor governance. Less commonplace is to query why this should be the case. There can be worse answers than pointing at how too many laws pose too heavy a burden on people. Forcing people to live at the margins of the law is bad for governance, for a number of reasons. One, it promotes general disrespect for the law. Two, ambiguously worded laws and red tape make it easier for authorities to harass people, incentivising corruption. Three, heavy-handed laws promote the growth of vigilantes and therefore general lawlessness in society.When it comes to laws, rules and legislation there can certainly be too much of a good thing; this was Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s insight earlier on when he raised the slogan of “minimum government, maximum governance”. Unfortunately, this is not a premise that has been realised during the years NDA has been in office – although, to be fair, opposition-ruled states or even courts have been as quick to breach this principle as BJP has (witness draconian prohibition laws introduced by the Bihar government, or the Supreme Court ban on liquor within 500 metres of highways).
We can take the situation of farmers as an illustrative example. There is no political party that doesn’t cry itself hoarse about the plight of farmers, or shout from the rooftops what it is doing for their benefit. Yet, in perhaps only a step short of Soviet-style collectivisation, India places severe restrictions on farmers trading in what they produce or own. Thus, farmers can only sell their produce at licensed markets in most states, which allows middlemen to run away with most agricultural profits.
If this quixotic rule originated from the left of the ideological spectrum, now the right has come up with its own quixotic rule to match: a ban on cattle markets where animals might be sold for slaughter. To circumvent this being a state matter the ban has speciously been placed under a central law, the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act. If, among other things, the new law means that a large part of India’s $13 billion-a-year leather industry migrates to Pakistan and Bangladesh, the environment ministry can’t be less bothered. India has, after all, always suffered from a surfeit of ideology and a lack of pragmatism – even if this gives rise to poor governance and underdevelopment.
For a Trumpian rethink on global terror
Looking back on his maiden overseas trip, US President Donald Trump may consider the Saudi Arabia-Israel leg to have been the most successful.But if Trump is serious about making his country secure from terror, he does himself serious disservice by identifying Iran as the fountainhead and sponsor of terror.
Instead of threatening to damage the Iran nuclear deal, the US needs to engage Iran and lift the sanctions that remain on banking ties, even after the UN sanctions have been lifted. Trump would do well to recognise that the Islamic State that he has sworn to defeat depends, ultimately, on not so much material means and territory as a pernicious ideology that claims to be based on Wahhabi Islam, whose centre is Saudi Arabia.President Trump would do well to confront his Saudi allies on its continued funding of Wahhabi Islam around the world, including in Europe.PM Narendra Modi would, naturally, broach the subject of terror during his interaction with German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Emmanuel Macron this week.
He would do well to coordinate opinion on the need to stem the spread of Jihadi ideology and, to this end, for the world community to impress on Saudi Arabia its expectation of cooperation on this countThe forthcoming G20 summit would be another occasion for world leaders to rework their anti-terror strategy from merely focusing on physical containment to combating the underlying ideology and the regional instability that makes it conducive to find ready recruits. The television and radio channels in the region that fan sectarian hatred in the name of religion are a cause for grave concern. Their funding should be treated as terror funding, and cracked down on. Iran, Saudi Arabia and Israel must cooperate on this as well.
निजी निवेश के लिए कैसे बने परिवेश
देश की अर्थव्यवस्था की सबसे बड़ी समस्या यह है कि निजी निवेश नजर नहीं आ रहा है। इस संबंध में विस्तार से जानकारी दे रहे हैं
Date:31-05-17
सही समय, सही कदम
भारतीय प्रतिभूति एवं विनिमय बोर्ड (सेबी) ने पार्टिसिपेटरी नोट्स (पी-नोट) को लेकर जो ताजा प्रस्ताव तैयार किया है वह इस अस्पष्टï उपाय को चरणबद्घ तरीके से समाप्त करने की नीति के अनुरूप ही है। डेरिवेटिव में खुली सट्टïेबाजी (बिना कवर के बाजार पोजिशन लेना)के काम में पी-नोट के इस्तेमाल को गैर कानूनी करने का प्रस्ताव है। सेबी की इच्छा पी-नोट जारी करने वाले पर प्रति पी-नोट 1,000 डॉलर का शुल्क लगाने की है। ऐसा करने से इसके इस्तेमाल की लागत बढ़ जाएगी।
Ban-wagon effect
Environment ministry’s rules regarding cattle and buffaloes for slaughter will have adverse economic consequences
The most intriguing part about the Union Environment Ministry’s new rules banning sale and purchase of cattle and buffaloes for slaughter purposes in livestock markets across India is the seeming absence of any stakeholder consultations. Whether it is the meat, dairy and leather industries, farmer organisations or state governments responsible for regulating “markets and fairs” under Entry 28 of List-II of the Constitution — none apparently had the faintest idea about the rules while in the process of drafting. No less interesting is that the rules have been framed under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act (PCAA). While the latter subject is covered under the Concurrent List, giving the Centre the power to make laws or rules, nowhere does the Act itself, however, talk about ending animal slaughter; what is sought to be curbed is only “unnecessary pain or suffering in the pre-slaughter stages as far as possible”. It is natural to ask: How will disallowing trade of cattle destined for slaughter in markets ameliorate such pain?
Critics of the latest move, including Opposition-ruled state governments, allege that it amounts to a backdoor nationwide ban on cattle slaughter. The PCAA’s provisions being invoked, in the most tenuous manner, would indeed appear to confirm this suspicion. Ministers in the Narendra Modi government have been at pains to emphasise that the new rules aim only at “regulating” animal markets. But if cattle intended for slaughter cannot be taken to markets at all, how can this be just “regulation”? The government’s response has been that the idea is to allow only “healthy” milch and agricultural purpose animals to be bought and sold in markets. The spent cattle can go straight from the farm to the abattoir. Ergo, there’s no ban or restriction on slaughter.
There are two problems to this argument. The first has to do with the very idea of a market, as a meeting place for buyers and sellers. Cattle markets are typically weekly affairs where, say, 500 farmers come and sell their animals to 50 suppliers to slaughterhouses. This is a more efficient system than the same buyers going to each individual seller’s home; the farmer also benefits from multiple bidders, who are absent in a direct sourcing arrangement. Secondly, unlike in the West, there aren’t separate categories of “beef cattle” and “dairy cattle” farmers in India. The farmer who rears buffaloes for milk sells the same animals for slaughter when they become unproductive. By killing the market for slaughter livestock, the government may end up destroying the market for dairy animals as well.
यूरोप की यात्रा
प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी सोमवार से यूरोप की यात्रा पर हैं। फिलहाल वह जर्मनी में हैं। यहां से वे स्पेन, रूस और फ्रांस जाएंगे। प्रकटत: मोदी का ताजा दौरा कारोबारी किस्म की है। इसका मकसद मेक इन इंडिया के लिए समृद्ध यूरोप से ज्यादा से ज्यादा निवेश लाना है। लेकिन प्रधानमंत्री की रवानगी का मौजूदा वक्त और यूरोप की राजनीतिक-सैद्धांतिक व आर्थिक परिस्थितियां उनके दौरे को खास बना देती हैं। जर्मनी यूरोपीय संघ का अहम भागीदार है, ऐसे कि इस संगठन को जारी रखने का दारोमदार जैसे उसी पर टिका दिया गया है। फिर वहां चुनाव होने वाला है, जिसको संघ और जर्मनी के चांसलर एंजिला मार्केल की नीतियों पर जनादेश माना जा रहा है। दूसरी तरफ, मार्केल यूरोपीय संघ के साझा वजूद के लिए अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति ट्रंप पर अपनी निर्भरता कम करना चाहती है। भारत का आया हुआ समय-अर्थव्यवस्था की मजबूती और कारोबार में पेशेवराना लिहाज से-ही नहीं, बल्कि अपनी सैद्धांतिकी की वजह से पूरे यूरोप के लिए चीन से ज्यादा मुफीद बैठता है। ऐसे में मोदी की यात्रा के बेहतर परिणाम के आसार बढ़ जाते हैं। जर्मनी और फ्रांस भारत के विश्वस्त सामरिक साझेदार रहे हैं। इसके अलावा, वह परमाणु ऊर्जा सहयोग (खास कर फ्रांस) और अत्याधुनिक प्रौद्योगिकी के निरंतर हस्तांतरण को पुख्ता करने पर मोदी का जोर रहेगा। जर्मनी और फ्रांस के साथ भारत की बातचीत नवउदारवादी या बाजारवादी व्यवस्था की निरंतरता की आास्ति में होगी। वहीं, आतंकवाद के खिलाफ अभियान भारत, रूस और फ्रांस का एक तरह से भुक्तभोगी जैसा सहोदर मसला है-आनुपातिक अंतर के बावजूद। यह मुद्दा अफगानिस्तान में रूस की एक दमदार उपस्थिति के चलते ज्यादा अहमियत पा जाता है। वैसे रूसी नेता पुतिन से मोदी की भेंट होती रहती है पर इस बार वे दोनों पहली बार सेंट्स पीर्ट्सबर्ग में मिलेंगे, जहां र्वल्ड इकनॉमिक फोरम की बैठक चल रही होगी। दूसरे, यह भेंट ओबीओआर के साये में होगी। इसमें मोदी को भांपने का मौका होगा कि पुतिन चीन के कितने पास तक गए हैं। कारोबारी प्रकट एजेंडे से अलग जो बात है, वह यह कि संरक्षणवादी होने को उत्सुक नियंतण्र व्यवस्था में भारतीय अपेक्षाओं की निर्बाध पूर्ति कैसे संभव है!